Astragaloside IV alleviates stroke-triggered early brain injury by modulating neuroinflammation and ferroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

Purpose: Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is an active ingredient extracted from Astragalus membranaceus with an established therapeutic effect on central nervous system diseases. This study examined the neuroprotective properties and possible mechanisms of AS-IV in stroke-triggered early brain injury (EBI) in a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Methods: The neurological scores and brain water content were analyzed. 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was utilized to determine the infarct volume, neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, and ferroptosis-related genes and proteins, and neuronal damage and molecular mechanisms were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dutp nickend labeling (TUNEL) staining, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: AS-IV administration decreased the infarct volume, brain edema, neurological deficits, and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), IL-6, and NF-κB, increased the levels of SLC7A11 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), decreased lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and prevented neuronal ferroptosis. Meanwhile, AS-IV triggered the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and alleviated ferroptosis due to the induction of stroke. Conclusion: Hence, the findings of this research illustrate that AS-IV administration can improve delayed ischemic neurological deficits and decrease neuronal death by modulating nuroinflammation and ferroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Cross-country orienteering: interventions for the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#The visual health of children and adolescents in China has become a major issue that is relevant to the nation s present and its future. This article analyzed the value of map reading and searching for specific features during orienteering projects for myopia prevention and control. The findings suggest that orienteering exercises show good regulatory effects on eye muscles, effectively improve concentration, and help to stimulate mental activity and visual system. Targeted exercises, including scanning maps for specific features, is beneficial for myopia prevention and control. It is proposed that, by changing the teaching style of cross-country orienteering, teaching space, and teaching scene, exercises can be tailored to treat and relieve eye strain, as well as to prevent and control myopia, which is essential to promote the visual health of children and adolescents.